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Energy in Victoria (Australia)
The primary energy source for the generation of electricity in the State of Victoria is brown coal - one of the largest contributors to Australia's total domestic greenhouse gas emissions and a source of huge controversy for the country. Australia is one the highest polluters of greenhouse gas per capita in the world. Brown coal is used for the generation of approximately 85 percent〔()〕 of Victoria's household, commercial and industrial electricity consumption. The remainder is sourced from natural gas and renewable energy sources - hydro, wind and solar.
==History==
The first electricity supplies to Melbourne were provided by private companies, with a number of small power stations such as those at Spencer Street and Richmond operating. Early electricity production in Victoria used relatively simple technology, but transmission over even a short distance was difficult. Initially, it was used only for public events - such as the Duke of Edinburgh's visit in 1867 and a night football match at the MCG in 1879 - and lighting in the theatre. Small scale generating plants were built in Melbourne to serve small areas and industries, however, gas remained the source of street lighting in Melbourne until 1894 when the Spencer Street power station was constructed by the Melbourne City Council. This power station generated enough power to light Melbourne's streets.
Other councils embraced Melbourne's initiative and streets in many nearby areas - such as Richmond, Essendon, Hawthorn and South Yarra - were also lit by electricity by the late 1890s. Councils that set up their own distribution networks included Footscray (1911), Brunswick (1912–13), Port Melbourne (1912–13), Preston (1912), Nunawading (1912), Northcote (1912), Coburg (1914), Heidelberg (1914), Williamstown (1915–16) and Doncaster (1916).〔Lincolne, G 'Electricity Supply in Victoria', p.41
〕 These small operations were merged into the State Electricity Commission of Victoria that was formed in 1921, the SECV also building the first of many brown coal fired power stations at Yallourn in the Latrobe Valley. The responsibilities of the SECV were privatised between 1995 and 1999. In the urban area, the largest power station is the Newport Power Station located close to the mouth of the Yarra River, the stack of which dominates the skyline of the inner western suburbs.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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